MCAT Behavioral Sciences Question 242: Answer and Explanation

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Question: 242

5. Suppose that a recent study, using advanced neuroimaging techniques, found increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex during meditation. Given the types of physical responses to meditation described in the passage, what functions are likely associated with this area of the brain?

  • A. Sympathetic functions, including inhibition of the hypothalamus to prevent release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
  • B. Somatic functions, including control of the diaphragm
  • C. Autonomic functions, including heart rate and blood pressure
  • D. Rational cognitive functions, including decision-making

Correct Answer: C

Explanation:

The first paragraph of the passage describes the physical responses to meditation as reduced heart rate and respiration rate. Thus, it is most likely that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a role in autonomic functions (in this case parasympathetic activity, choice A is wrong and choice C is correct), including the regulation of heart rate, resting respiratory rate, and blood pressure. While practitioners of meditation can reduce their respiratory rate, and while this might involve the somatic nervous system (the diaphragm is a skeletal muscle), this would not account for the reduction in heart rate (choice B is wrong). The anterior cingulate cortex is involved with rational cognitive functions, however this does not help to explain how activity in this area during meditation might inhibit the stress response (choice D is wrong).

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