MCAT Biology Question 65: Answer and Explanation

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Test Information

Question: 65

5. Iodine deficiency may result in:

  • A. galactorrhea.
  • B. cretinism.
  • C. gigantism.
  • D. hyperthyroidism.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

Inflammation of the thyroid or iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, in which the thyroid hormones are undersecreted or not secreted at all. Hypothyroidism in newborn infants causes cretinism, which is characterized by poor neurological and physical development (including mental retardation, short stature, and coarse facial features). While iodine deficiency can result in a swelling of the thyroid gland (called a goiter), which can also be seen in causes of hyperthyroidism, iodine deficiency does not cause hyperthyroidism, eliminating choice (D). Galactorrhea, choice (A), is associated with prolactin; gigantism, choice (C), is associated with growth hormone.

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